Everything about Hiero I totally explained
Hiero I was the brother of
Gelo and tyrant of
Syracuse from
478 to
467 BC. In succeeding Gelo, he conspired against a third brother
Polyzelos. During his reign, he greatly increased the power of Syracuse. He removed the inhabitants of
Naxos and
Catana to
Leontini, peopled Catana (which he renamed Aetna) with
Dorians, concluded an alliance with
Acragas (Agrigentum) and espoused the cause of the Locrians against
Anaxilas, tyrant of
Rhegium.
His most important achievement was the defeat of the
Etruscans at the
Battle of Cumae (
474 BC), by which he saved the Greeks of
Campania from Etruscan domination. A bronze helmet (now in the
British Museum), with an inscription commemorating the event, was dedicated at Olympia. Though despotic in his rule Hiero was a liberal patron of literature and culture, and is known from the works of Pindar to have won a chariot race at the Theban Iolaia, and he was also praised (along with his horse, Pherenicos) by
Bacchylides in that poet's 5th ode. He was enthusiastically
pederastic, and sought the companionship of other pederastic intellectuals which he invited to his court. One of his
eromenoi was named Daelochus. He died at Catana in 467.
Pindar's first Olympian Ode is dedicated to Hieron (Ίηρονος,
Hiêronos in Greek), whose horse won in the single horse race.
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